बिहार चुनाव :एक मतदाता का दर्द

मै बिहार का निवासी हू। भारतीय संबिधान द्वारा दिए गए मौलिक अधिकार "मतदान का अधिकार " के तहत उम्रसीमा  को पार कर चूका हु जिसके कारण मै एक आम मतदाता भी हु इसलिए बिहार में होने वाली विधानसभा चुनाव की उत्सुकता हमारे दिलो दिमाग में हिचकोले खा रही है , मै  अपने मतों  के दुर विहार में अगले महीने बनने वाली नई सरकार के भविष्य को लेकर सचेत है। 

   मै नितीश कुमार का बहुत बड़ा  प्रशंसक था ,जब दूसरी बार नितीश कुमार ने 2005 में मुख्यमंत्री के रूप में शपथ ग्रहण किया था तो मै भी उनलोगो में शामिल था जो बिहार की बदहाली पर नए बिहार के उज्जवल भविष्य को देख रहे थे। उस समय मै राजनीति को इतनी गहराई से भले ही नहीं जानता था ,परन्तु बिहार में हो रहे अपराध और भ्रष्ट्राचार को जरूर जानता था। उस समय बिहार में हो रहे अपहरण, हत्या ,डकैती जैसी अपराधिक कृत्यों से आम बिहारवासी डरे -सहमे से थे ,अन्य माता -पिता की तरह मेरे  माता -पिता भी अकेले कही नहीं जाने देते और शाम होते ही घर में अपने साये के पीछे छुपा लेते  थे, परन्तु जब नितीश कुमार भारतीय जनता पार्टी के सहयोग से मुख्यमंत्री निर्वाचित हुआ तो हर पीड़ित परिवार अपने आप को सुरक्षित मानने लगा। नितीश कुमार के मुख्यमंत्रीत्व काल में इस मामले में बहुत ही ज्यादा प्रगति हुई।  नितीश कुमार के शासन से पहले बिहार में अपहरण व्यवसाय था जिसमे किसी का भी अपहरण करके पैसा निचोड़ा जाता था ,प्रकाश झा की फिल्म "अपहरण "में इसको सटीक दिखाया गया है। विश्व में बिहार की गणना एक अपराधिक पृष्टभूमि वाले "कानून पर किसी का जोर नहीं" वाले राष्ट्र से तुलना करते थे ,जहा किसी दूसरे राज्य के लोग आना नहीं चाहते थे। नितीश कुमार की पहली प्राथमिकता कानून -व्यवस्था कायम करना था और इसमें सफल भी हुए जिससे बिहार क बिकास की नई गाथा लिखनी सुरु हुई इन्होने बहुत सारे मोर्चे पर सफलता पाई नितीश कुमार का साथ कदम से कदम मिलाकर बीजेपी ने दिया जिससे बिहार भारत के तेजी से विकासशील राज्यों के क्रमों में अग्रिम पंक्ति में खड़ा हो गया। 

                        नितीश की सरकार ने बहुत सरे अच्छे काम किए और  सारे बुरे फैसले लिए। जिसके परिणाम कुछ दिनों बाद दिखने लगे जैसे की शिक्षा व्यवस्था , वतर्मान में बिहार में शिक्षा का हाल बहुत ही ख़राब है। इसका कारण शिक्षको की अनियमित भर्ती -प्रक्रिया है , जिससे भले ही बेरोजगार युवको को रोजगार मिल गई ,परन्तु इससे वे व्यक्ति भी शिक्षक बन गए जिसको कोई मूल ज्ञान नहीं है ,वे पैसो के बदौलत शिक्षक बन गए लेकिन इनको न तो पढ़ाई का तरीका मालूम है और न ही बेसिक ज्ञान जिससे विद्याथी को  सामाजिक ज्ञान की जानकारी दे सके. जिसके कारण आजकल छात्रों को सामाजिक , गणित और विज्ञानं का कुछ भी ज्ञान नहीं है ,जिसके कारण वे आगे चलकर रोजगार प्रदक शिक्षा हासिल नहीं कर पाते है। बोर्ड की परीक्षाओं को पास करने के  लिए अनैतिक ढंग से सहारा लेते है, जिससे शिक्षा-व्यवस्था का स्तर गिरता जा  है। हाल के समय में बोर्ड परीक्षाओ में जिस तरह के छात्रों से कदाचार की तस्वीरें समाचार पत्रो और चैनलों में दिखाया गया उससे बिहार के शिक्षा -व्यवस्था पर सवाल उठने लगे, इसकी भले ही सरकार पर कोई प्रभाव नहीं पड़े लेकिन बिहार के लोगों से सवाल पूछने लगते है की , उसकी अर्जित डिग्रियों पर सवाल उठाने लगते है। 
                                                     नितीश कुमार बीजेपी के साथ गठबंधन की सरकार आठ बर्षो तक कुशलता पूर्वक चलाई परन्तु हठवश  उसने गठवन्धन तोड़कर उसी सरकार  साथ गठवन्धन कर लिया जिसके खिलाफ उठे जनाक्रोश के परिणामस्वरूप सरकार बनाई थी। नितीश जी ने अपनी सरकार को बचाने के लिए लालू प्रसाद की दल के साथ गठवन्धन कर लिया जिसका परिणाम कुछ दिनों बाद दिखने लगा। आज फिर से कानून व्यवस्था का स्तर गिरने लगा ,अपराध में वृद्धि हो गयी है। 
                                        वर्तमान समय में सभी राजनीतिक दलों आम मतदाता के मूल समस्याओ जैसे मँहगाई , बेरोजगारी ,शिक्षा , व्यवस्था का पतन , भ्रष्टाचार इत्यादि को बाहर कर दिया है , कोई भी दल मूल मुद्दो पर बात करना ही नहीं चाहता है। राजनीतिक दल इस पे बात कर रहे है की ये अमुक पार्टी सांप्रदायिक पार्टी है , ये पार्टी जंगल राज चलाती है , ये पिछड़ों की पार्टी है , वो अगड़ी जाति की पार्टी है , राज्य में व्याप्त मूल समस्याओं पर बात करना ही नहीं चाहती है वो हमें अपनी जाति और धर्म के नाम पर राजनीतिक दलों करने को प्रेरित कर रही है। 
     आज बिहार में गिरती कानून व्यवस्था , शिक्षा -व्यस्था का पतन इन सभी मुद्दो पर बात कोई नहीं कर रहा है , करे भी तो कौन करे। बिहार में पिछले आठ वषो से सरकार में शामिल बीजेपी विपक्ष में आ गई है और अपने द्वारा नहीं किये गए कार्यो की आलोचना कैसे कर सकती है ? वहीं विपक्ष में बैठा राजद 10 साल से सरकार चलने वाली जदयू की हा में हा मिलाने लगा। जिसके कारण कोई भी पार्टी सरकार द्वारा नहीं किए गए कार्यो की आलोचना कैसे करेगा। ऐसे परस्थिति में सबसे बड़ा नुकसान तो जनता का हो रहा है 
     जनता से अपने आप को जुड़ा होने का दावा करने वाली लेफ्ट पार्टियाँ कहाँ है ,ढूढ़ने से भी दिखाई नहीं दे रही है ,कुछ राजनीतिक दल जैसे -सपा ,बसपा , शिवसेना    …चुनावी बारिश रूपी मौसम में रंग बिरंगी छतरी लेकर मत चुनने में लग जाती है और चुनावी बारिस खत्म होते ही गायब हो जाती है इन सभी पार्टियो को चुनावी मौसम में ही मतदाता के आंसू दिखते है , और चुनाव बीतते ही अदृश्य हो जाते है। 
                       जिससे की मतदाता के पास विकल्प बहुत कम हो जाते है जो उनकी आवाज बने। 
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Working style of Narendra modi

Working style depends on our mind-set, goal and ideology. Some person learn working style to seniors, mentors ...etc and trying different while some copying. We don't choose our style consciously, rationally matching it  to our abilities and inclinations. Insteed we some what blindly start copying others before we have the professional parameters to judge the practicality of our model choice. However if several years later someone ask us why we do things that way we are sure that this is the logical way of doing it, because why else we have doing it for so much time. 

    A prime minister who is a perfect organizer, but is not too good with personal. this type of situation create very unhealthy circumstances for some PM's . However some PM is a very social person , he tries to solve everything through talking or personal interaction , try to talk to people about important things despite uncomfortable about it can hardly achieve the desired effect so this PM's team is falling apart despite her excellent organization skills.

    Our present prime minister Narendra modi's working style is different from all others. He believes in practical doable policies. He gave freedom bureaucrats to think different and give result. Narendra modi did not believe in theories, he advised all minister and officers in the meeting come to thoroughly prepared , make bullet point presentation instead of bulky ones be ready for followup meetings and keep your office clean- there are are the highlights of narendra modi's working style.In the meeting with ministers and officers he became good listeners and ask some good questions and expect good answers.

      our prime minister Narendra modi believes on bureaucrats and he do't interfere in their work.He always meets new person who works in different specification area. He is workaholic person and he always meeting with our colleague and asking about the progress of work and give new agenda and task to complete work in the fixed time period. He don't believes in policy, he believes in work. 

    our other prime minister who makes policy in all field just like as Nehru believes secularism, and make policy in remove "chuwa-chhut" , shastri ji makes policy about how to improve the fertiliser of crop , Indira gandhi makes policy about how to remove poorness , atal bihari vajpayee ji makes policies in different field such as new telecom policy, road development policy, etc....

But our present prime minister Narendra modi don't believe in such type of polices. If any new idea comes, modi discuss with specific person and take some important point from all and apply it. He don't believes in long term work progression , because it some time after long term work forgets its path.

     Of Course, developing his own personal style of management, based on his charisma and ability would have suited him much better. If his work gives good result then it is his win otherwise lose depends on it.  

फ्लोटिंग वोटर ; निर्णायक मंडल

हर एक पार्टी के अपने आधार वोट है , जो कभी टस से मस नहीं होते है। इस तरह के वोटर पार्टी विज़न और सिद्धांतो को अपनाते है, इनमे अधिंकाश जाति या समुदाय विशेष का ताल्लुक रखते है। इस तरह के वोटर के लिए पार्टी हमेशा ज्यादा आक्रामक रुख अपनाती है, क्योकि  अगर ये वोटर ज्यादा इधेर -उधेर हो गए तो हार  और जीत की तय कर देते है। 

                              इसी प्रकार हर चुनाव में ऐसा होता है की मतदाताओ का एक छोटा समूह, जो मुस्किल से तीन से पांच प्रतिशत होता है , जो दुविधा में होता है , उसे चुनावी संघर्श में प्रमुख राजनीतिक पार्टियो में से कोई आकर्षित नहीं कर पता है , ऐसे वोटर को चुनावी शब्दावली में फ्लोटिंग वोटर (अस्थिर मत ) कहा जाता है। इस तरह के वोटर के संख्या भले ही कम हो , परन्तु ये चुनावी संघर्श को बहुत ही मजेदार बना देते है। इस तरह के वोटर का चुनावी संघर्श में महत्व बहुत  बढ़ जाता है , ये वोटर कभी भी अपने पत्ते नहीं खोलते है और खासकर विधानसभा चुनाव में इस तरह के मतदाता को राजनीतिक प्रत्याशी ज्यादा महत्व देते है। 

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                     बिहार विधान सभा के चुनाव में भी कुछ इसी तरह का हाल है , जहा 5 से 7 % वोटर हर विधान सभा में कोई भी गठबंधन के एजेंडा को स्वीकार करने के पक्ष में नहीं है।  इस तरह के वोटर जो लालू प्रसाद को पसंद नहीं करते है उसके एजेंडा को हमेशा से नकारते रहे है। नितीश कुमार के विज़न से सहमत नहीं है, और साथ ही जिस तरह से केंद्र सरकार काम कर रही है , उस से भी वो अपने आप को छला हुआ महसूस कर रहे है। इस फ्लोटिंग मतदाता में किसान , मजदुर , दलित के चिंता करने वाले लोग है। इस तरह के मतदाता में लोकतान्त्रिक मूल्यों , धर्मनिरपेक्ष और  अपने आप को किसी भी सरकार से ठगा हुआ महसूस करने वाले लोग है। इस तरह के मतदाता सभी राजनीतिक पार्टी के चुनावी घोषणापत्र में आधारित मूल्यों की तह में जाने के लिया बेताब रहते है। ऐसी प्रकार के मतदाता में वो लोग भी है जो अराजनीतिक प्रवृति के है। कुछ इस तरह के मतदाता चुनाव के समय क्षणिक लाभ के लिया अपने वोट को बेचने वाले भी लोग है, जिसे राजनीतिक पार्टी मतदान तक कुछ खास ख्याल रखती है। अराजनीतिक प्रवृति वाले मतदाता को मतदान तक पहुचने का काम चुनाव आयोग एवं कई सरकारी संगठन करती है , इस से कुछ वोटर टूट कर किसे को भी वोट कर देते है। 

                                 फ्लोटिंग वोटरो को वही दल या गठबंधन अपनी तरफ खीच पायेंगे जो इस विशेष वर्ग  सवालो को बेहतर तरीको से अमल करेगा , उसका जबाब देगा , उसकी समस्याओ का समाधान करने की कोशिस करेगा। इस तरह के वोटर की महागठवन्धन से शिकायत यह है की वर्त्तमान समय में गिरती कानून व्यवस्था ,कुछ समय से फिर से राज्य में आपराधिक प्रवृति में वृद्धि हुई है। इनका महागठवन्धन से शिकायत है की  राज्य की शिक्षा का स्तर गिरता जा रहा है। मुख्यमंत्री के नाम से चलने वाली योजनाओं की हालत पतली है। किसानो के लिय योजनाएॅ तो बहुत से बनती है , लकिन किसान तबके तक इसका लाभ नहीं पहुंच पता है। अफसरशाही का बोलबाला है , अफसर आम आदमी की बातो को नहीं सुनते है और उसकी समस्याओ का निराकरण करते है। कुछ टोला सेवको को छोड़कर आज भी व्यापक दलित समाज अपनी आर्थिक एवं राजनीतिक हैसियत के लिए तरस रहे है , वो आज भी सूअर , बकरियो और भैसो में उलझा हुआ पते है। ऐसे लोग सरकार से अपने आप को दूर महसूस  करते  है, क्योकि सरकार अभी तक इनके बड़े हिस्सों की सामाजिक जीवन में बदलाव नहीं ला सकी है। 2008 में कोसी में आई भयंकर बाढ़ के बाद नवनिर्माण में सरकार  खास उन्नति हासिल नहीं कर पाई , कई निर्वाण कार्य आधे -अधूरे  किये गए। बाढ़ -पीड़ित लोग अभी भी अपने दुःख को भूल नहीं पाये है। बड़ी सख्या में युवा जो हाई स्कूल और महाविद्यालय की पढाई पढ़ कर अपने आप को बेकार महसूस कर रहे है ,क्योकि उन्हें रोजगार नहीं मिल रही है 

                                           कुछ ऐसी तरह एनडीए से इनकी शिकायत है की इनके सरकार में शामिल लोग धमर्निर्पेक्ष मूल्यों कमजोर करने की कोशिस करते है , हर समय धमर्विशेष के खिलाफ आवाज उठाते रहते है , लोकतान्त्रिक मूल्यों को कमजोर करने  की कोशिश करते है, किसानो की भूमि को हड़पने लिए नयी भूमि अधिग्रहण बिल को पास करने की कोशिश में है, दलित वर्ग लोगो की शिकायत है की ये सरकारी नौकरी में आरक्षण खत्म करने की कोशिस में है। 

                हर एक दल  फ्लोटिंग वोटो को अपनी तरफ करने के लिया हर एक पैतरा आजमाने को तैयार है , जहा एक तरफ नितीश कुमार युवाओ को आने तरफ आकर्षित करने के लिया अपने विज़न में युवाओ के लिया कई कार्यकर्मो की घोषणा  की है, उसी प्रकार एनडीए ने भूमि अधिग्रहण बिल वापस लेने का फैसला करके जहा किसानो  फ्लोटिंग वोटर को अपने तरफ करने के कोशिश के है। इस फ्लोटिंग वोटर को अपने तरफ करने के लिय हर एक दल अपने घोषणा पत्र एव प्रचार में विशेष ख्याल रखने वाली है, क्योकि बिहार जैसे राज्य में अधिकांश विधानसभा में जीत -हार  बहुत ही कम होता है, और फ्लोटिंग वोटर इसे निर्णायक बना देता है। फ्लोटिंग वोट र्का निर्णय इस बात पर निर्भय करेगा कौन सा दल इनके सवालो का कैसा जबाब देता है,  वह दल ऐसे वोटरो को ज्यादा अपनी तरफ आकर्षित कर पायेगा ,जो विपक्षी  हमलो  तर्कपूर्ण जबाब देगा और खुद के प्रति वोटरो की आशंकाओं को दूर करेगा। 

                                चुनाव आयोग द्वारा मतदाताओ को एक अधिकार दिया गया है नोटा का, नोटा का मतलब नॉन ऑफ़ द एबव, मतलब इनमे से कोई नहीं है। जैसे बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न में विकल्प में एक विकल्प इन में से कोई नहीं होता है वैसे ही चुनाव में चुनाव आयोग दुर नोटा भी एक विकल्प गया है। अगर किसी मतदाता को कोई भी प्रत्याशी आपने लायक नहीं लगता है तो वो नोटा को चुन सकते है. इससे वोट का प्रतिशत  तो बढ़  जाता है, परन्तु प्रत्याशी के धरकन को बढ़ा देता है, नोटा बटन को दबाने वाले अधिकांश फ्लोटिंग वोटर होते है। .  

बिहार ; परिवारसभा चुनाव 2015

अगर आपको राजनीतिक परिवारवाद देखना है , तो बिहार विधानसभा चुनाव'इसका एक उदाहरण है। बिहार विधानसभा के चुनाव में जिस तरह से हर एक राजनीतिकपार्टी अपने सगे समन्धी को विधानसभा  चुनाव जीतने के लिए हर तिरकम आजमा रही है, इससे तो लगता है के यह चुनाव जनता जनता की उम्मीदों को कम, अपने पारिवारिक उम्मीदों को पूरा करने के लिया लड़ा जा रहा है। 

         विहार विधानसभा  चुनाव में जितने भी छेत्रीय पार्टी है ,उसमे से अधिकांश पार्टी को पारिवारिक पार्टी कह सकते है। जैसे की लोक जनशक्ति पार्टी , राष्ट्रीय जनता दल  , … इत्यादी  इन सभी पार्टी के सुप्रीमो वंशानुगत है। लोक जनशक्ति पार्टी के राष्ट्रीय अध्यक्ष राम विलास पासवान एवं प्रदेश अध्यक्ष पसुपति कुमार पारस , जो आपस में सगे भाई है।इनके एक और भाई राम चन्द्र पासवान जो  लोक सभा  के सांसद है। और राम विलास जी के बेटे भी सांसद है। इस  विधान सभा के चुनाव में इन के एक भाई पसुपति कुमार पारस  , भतीजा प्रिंस पासवान  और भी सगे सबंधी को चुनाव मैदान में उतरने के लिया तैयार है। इस तरह है कुल 15 विधान सभा सीटो पर अपने सगे सम्बन्धी को टिकट दिया जायेगा। यानि के कुल पार्टी द्वारा अधिकृत्य उम्मीदवारों का कुल 25 % टिकट  अपने सगे समन्धी को। 
                     इसी प्रकार राष्ट्रीय जनता दल, जिसके राष्ट्रीय अध्यक्ष लालू प्रसाद यादव है। जो खुद न्यायपालिका द्वारा चुनाव लड़ने के अयोग्य घोषित किया जा चूका है। लकिन इस विधान सभा के चुनाव में अपने दोनों बेटो , बेटियो और दामादों को चुनाव लड़ने के घोषणा किया जा चूका है। इस चुनाव में कुल 5 से 10 सीटो  पर अपने सगे सबंधी को टिकट दिया जायेगा। लालू जी बहुत  बार बोल चुके है, चुनाव में टिकट सगे -सबंधी को नहीं तो किसी और को देंगे!!! कुछ ऐसा ही हाल भारतीय जनता पार्टी और जनता दल यूनाइटेड का है, जो अपने आप को कार्र्यकर्ता आधारित पार्टी कहती है , लेकिन वास्तविक में इसके अधिकांश विधायक या सांसद अपने सगे -सबंधी को चुनाव लड़ाने के लिया किसे भी हद तक जाने तक तैयार  सकते है। इसके जितने भी उदाहरण दिए जय कम ही है। 
                                             आजकल राजनीतिक पार्टी का गठन करने जैसे अपने पारिवारिक कंपनी खोलने जैसा हो गया है।किसी भी भी राजनीतिक पार्टी के उदेश्यो ,सिद्धांतो को जनता तक पहुँचाने का काम कार्यकर्त्ता करते है। वो आम आम आदमी से मिलते है राजनीतिक पार्टी के बारे में आम जनता को जानकारी मुहैया करते है, पार्टी फंड  लिया पैसा चन्दा के रूप में लोगो से मागते है। और उस पैसे से राजनीतिक पार्टी अपने आधार को मजबूत करती है ,  दिन -रात मेहनत कर के पार्टी का आधार मजबूत करती है, कार्यकर्ता अपने पारिवारिक जीवन को  भूल कर राजनीतिक पार्टी के लिया आप को न्यौछावर कर देता है। पार्टी के कार्यकर्मो में  कन्धा  कन्धा मिला कर चलते है।  लेकिन जब विधानसभा या लोकसभा टिकट की बात आती है तो सबसे ज्यादा उपेक्षित कार्यकर्ता ही महसूस करते है, क्योकि अधिकांश टिकट राजनीतिक पार्टी के सुप्रीमो अपने सगे सबंधी को देता है  या फिर ऊँची बोली लगाने वाले पूंजीपतियों को बेच देते है। लकिन यह सब भूल कर भी कार्यकर्ता उस उम्मीदवार को जीतने के लिए सब कुछ करते है। लेकिन उम्मेदवार जीतने  के बाद वो V.I.P बन जाते है और उस को कार्यकर्ता से मिलने के लिए समय नहीं मिलता है। फिर चुनाव आता है और ऐसी ही चलता रहता है. और कार्यकर्ता अपने आप को अपमानित महसूस करता है। 
                                                       आज कल का चुनाव राजनीतिक नहीं पारिवारिक हो गया है , या तो या परिवार को चुनो या दूसरे परिवार को , इस लिया आज कल चुनाव राजनीतिक नहीं पारिवारिक हो गया है. और उसे के अनुसार सरकार चलती है।  
                      

Effective Time Management : Importance of second

Most people seldom have enough time to do all the things they want to do. They have to work late in the offices, carry papers home for disposal and spend all their energy in the drudgery of daily routine.

They have, therefore, no time to plan and execute jobs requiring their personal attention. Nor do they have adequate time for selfdevelopment. One’s control over time is directly related to the hierarchical position one holds in an organization.

           Of all the resources—human, material, financial and the like—time is the scarcest. It is rightly said that time is money . An executive earning Rs 40,000 per month has his time cost  him Rs. 1,818 per day and Rs 227 per hour. This works out to Rs four every minute of his working time, including lunch and coffee breaks. Time must, therefore, be utilized with utmost care and on a priority basis. In the competitive environment prevailing in all spheres of life, the one who manages his time effectively will have the cutting edge.

How time is spent

The failure to manage time is the result of poor planning and is related to how managers feel about themselves. Broadly speaking, the pattern of time spent in a work situation is closely related to the personal values and priority system of an individual. An analysis indicates that most of the time spent will be on items:

•  Which one is directly responsible for.
• Which are easy to perform.
• Which have brought due recognition and satisfaction in the past.
• Which give a chance for the display of certain special skills and talents

Management of Time

Personal traits: Time is often wasted due to various reasons and personality traits given below.

Indecision: Inability to decide what to do and when as also the inability to take a decision when required.

Procrastination: Decision is postponed or avoided whenever possible.

Perfectionist: Trying to be a perfectionist and doing a perfect job without taking care of the time schedule.

Too much reliance on written records: Tendency to be over cautious.

Tension: Too much tension, mostly due to inability to accomplishtasks in time.

Self Organisation: An individual should organize himself and his activities in order to make the most effective use of time by the following methods:

Priorities: The key to optimizing your time is to decide what is important to you. Generally, the priorities for many people have been family, health and well-being, career, money and intellectual growth. A lot depends on your outlook towards life, but more of that later. Wrong priority delays accomplishment of urgent jobs that contribute to your overall and immediate goals. Ironically, if you have too many priorities it becomes self-defeating because they can’t all be priorities. You can prioritize only if you are clear about your personal and work objectives. Once you have prioritized, pay attention to critical and urgent jobs. Manage by exception and handle unusual cases instead of each one.

Planning: This involves realistic allocation of time and ability to dispose of matters according to time schedule. Always plan ahead. Set aside some time for planning the next day. Review mid-day your goals for the day. Develop routines whenever possible. People who get the most of their limited time prefer to plan the upcoming week, month and even further ahead.

Taking Decisions: Complicating the decision-making process is the fact that we are faced with more choices in most things—education, lifestyle, place of residence, career, marriage...all through your

life you will have to face the problem of taking decisions squarely. Approach decision-making with a positive frame of mind. Don’t consider decisions to be taken as some sort of a problem, although some management experts view it just like that. Consider decisionmaking as a challenge and an opportunity or an avenue. With such a positive outlook you will also be able to put your intuition to good use and take reasonably good decisions—and work to let them pay. Intuition is not guess work or wishful thinking. It is defined as instinctive knowledge—in other words knowledge or perception not gained by reasoning and intelligence. It will be worthwhile to do the low-level decisions quickly and work on the big ones, for which you may have to consult one or more experts to garner their views. Then go ahead and decide what’s the best course for you to adopt.

One thing at a time: The tendency to skip from one job to another should be avoided. Complete one task in hand before taking up another. This involves doing first things first and one thing at a time—something you can achieve only if you have prioritized and planned well. Your attempt always should be to create “chunks” of time instead of “driblets”.

Delegation: It will help you to avoid doing everything yourself.  You will be surprised at the amount of delegation you could do. This will free your time to deal with more important matters. Delegation,

however, doesn’t mean just palming off responsibility to others. It implies training your subordinates to undertake jobs with the requisite authority given to them.

Clarify responsibility: It will help if your subordinates know what is their responsibility and what decisions they can take. Excessive control and cross checking will make your subordinates ineffective, a situation which can easily be avoided.

Conferences: Some people habitually waste too much time on conferences and meetings. Decide on who are really required to attend and have the agenda set out properly. It will help to develop

good conference leadership

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Completed homework: Instead of going to your boss for decisions, go to him with recommendations for action. He doesn’t have enough time to think through all the items with which you are familiarÑand he will just take up his time and yours by reviewing.

Aids to Effective Utilization of Time

• A good memory: Reduce the need for reliance on written records. Always try to keep a notebook and pencil handy to jot down points. Good ideas seldom repeat themselves.
• Flexibility in work: Do not entirely depend upon precedents before deciding an issue.
• Self-confidence: Develop the ability to handle matters independently.
• Physical fitness: The ability to stand physical and mental strain and to take reasonably good decisions is important.
• Speed-reading: Develop the ability to go through a paper and grasp the essentials quickly.
• Congenial environment: A work environment of mutual cooperation and rapport instead of competition and conflict is conductive to efficiency. It would be a good idea to remember that people who feel good about themselves produce good results. This depends upon your outlook towards life, which in turn will determine your ability to create quality time.

Outlook towards Life

Life is not all about careerism. It is a mix of making money, spending quality time with your family, socializing adequately, and taking time out for yourself to recharge your batteries. Once you have these priorities right, you will find everything falling into place. You will set less tighter deadlines that will not affect your health and which will allow you to keep pace with the demands on your time.You will find yourself taking occasional breaks for a holiday that will fire you with fresh ideas and enthusiasm back into your work with enhanced doses of creativity. Uppermost for a rational attitude towards life is the concern for one’s health. Poor health and tight schedules result in much wasted time without corresponding productivity. It is prudent to devote the right time and effort to maintain your physical health so that you are not only able to optimize your available time but also reap the benefits of enhanced productivity and wealth. A right balance in life is thus essential to boost efficiency, no matter what your calling.

Getting Away

In the workplace you will find many distractions that makes it not the ideal environment to do all your tasks with ideal effect and in quick time. Many people find it profitable to get away from the office distractions by working in the library, conference room or even out in the lawn. Such a change of scene and environment is essential when you feel the need to do some deep and conceptual thinking that can come about only when you create some quiet space for yourself. An ability to get away from colleagues, subordinates and even one’s boss is a boon. It depends upon one’s own perceived sense of “importance” and ego. Getting tied down to the telephone isn’t really a sign of how important we are. Even if you are the top boss, you needn’t remain tied up to the telephone. People who need to reach out to you for a decision will do so in their own way and time. To be able to create the “chunk of time” that we had spoken of earlier, one must be able to control and minimize one’s interruptions. This will give you enhanced control over your work, apart from giving you a sense of control over your own time and life.

Learning to say No

Whether you are a student or a career person, there will be many expectations from you from many quarters—your boss, colleagues, friends and family. If you are one of those who silently fall into the trap of committing yourself and later curse because you feel that you are being ‘used’, then you have to learn to say ‘no’ politely—and not feel bad about it. To deal with your boss you have to be diplomatic but firm. If you find your boss is overloading you with work, it would not be out of place to give him an account of the tasks currently in your hand. Then you might add that since you are over-committed at the moment, and if you take that additional task on you would not be able to do it justice. Do of course thank him for the confidence he has in you. In dealing with your family members who put in constant demands on your time, it is better to explain how your diversion of time would affect your main projects, research, studies, exam, or whatever. Do also let them know how and when you would be available to help them out at other times and in a different way. If you plan to spend “quality time” with your family, you will easily maintain the essential bonding. In dealing with a score of other people who constantly badger you for “work or favours”, a firm “no” will do the trick. Once the word gets around that you don’t divert from your main tasks easily, people will be glad to leave you alone.

Personal Time

If you want to get ahead in life, deep thinking is what you will have to constantly engage in. It is a leadership trait that can be cultivated by creating personal time and using it effectively. All great men have realized the importance of personal time. Such people isolate themselves for varying periods at a time of their own choosing every day. Even the most brilliant executives, or students for that matter, need to set aside time for deep thinking, to read, write and enhance their knowledge base so that they widen their faculties. The grievance of most people is that they hardly get time to think, and it gets reflected in their work output. Such people allow themselves to drift along with the situation and time. But those who do create time for deep thinking find themselves in charge of the situation and time that they use to their own advantage. Such people go about creating their personal time first and then allocating time for the remaining activities. A major advantage of this is that one is able to prioritize judiciously which results in a marked saving of time and the tackling of really important tasks first. In sum, the principles of time management are few and simple. One must carefully analyse how one’s time is spent. To be effective, one has to devote adequate attention to proper planning and utilization of time. It will be useful to plan the day, week and further ahead. Clarity about one’s personal and work objectives and allocation of priorities to the task in hand must be turned into second nature. This involves change in the attitude and pattern of work habits. In today’s world where one gets involved in multifarious activities, a conscious attempt to manage time will be very rewarding. Irrespective of one’s calling, these can be applied profitably resulting in a more orderly, more efficient and effective existence, added satisfaction with more time to think and enjoy life. All successful men have always managed their time well.

Windows-10: Power of ten

Windows 10 version of windows-xp and 7, but this version is modern and mixed of all version. At this time there are more than 2 lakh user of windows so they use build up the capacity of searching and optimising the PC and computer. Some time ago Microsoft launches the window version of 8 and 8.1 but these are not as succeed as they think, because in this version there are start and shut down key are hidden and at the desktop there are so many task are showing. So the Microsoft launches the windows 10 version.

Windows 10 are build up at the threshold  operation. In this version we connect all smart-phone , tab, and other gadgets at same the time and we could use all. In this version if we work on PC or computer that time we also use the same file at other device which is connect to the that PC or computer.

The 10 features of windows-10

1. Start up menu:- In this version this menu shows in square box and two panels are open at the same time and in panels user download different types of application.
2. Universal search:- To click the start menu, open the search bar and when we search any file or thing , that search not only in pc or compute but it also search in web.
3. Snap View:- In this version microsoft added this features. in this features we improve the quality of picture and multitasking.
4. Multiple Desktop:-In Window 10 user can create one or more than one desktop and they use it at the same time. 
5. One OS:-Window 10 , this is the one operating system which we use in many device with different platform.That means we use it in desktop, laptop, fablat, smartphone etc.
6. Fileexplorer:-In this version we search any file faster and in the fileexplorer we see the resent file and open the resent file as possible as.
7. Touch, Keyboard, Mouse:-In this version touch , keyboard and mouse are working together with very accurately.
8. Replace windows phone:-Next generation of windows phone working on windows 10, but its desktop mode is not used in feature phone.
9. Touchy feel:-This version is work on touchscreen features. when you slip the lift then attracts you big size of touch friendly key.
10. Task View Key:-In the task bar, by The new task view button you work on the that file and switch to another desktop file.

6 skills every successful entrepreneur must learn

6 skills every successful entrepreneur must learn

Entrepreneurs are made, not born. Entrepreneurship requires all-encompassing skills and abilities that other occupations do not even touch upon. Engineers draft plans for a new project, then pass the designs to others who will make it a reality. But for an entrepreneur, it’s different. Every aspect of a new venture lies in the hands of the entrepreneur.
 They need to know everything about the business and take the roll as a visionary, project manager, salesperson and more. This doesn’t mean that all entrepreneurs need to get an MBA to learn these skills.  In fact, a majority didn’t even have entrepreneurial aspirations while attending school. Here are six attributes that every entrepreneur must learn along the journey to success.

 1. Embrace failure Entrepreneurs will fail — 
This more times than they will care to count. They accept failure as a learning opportunity and forge ahead. A team of researchers from Duke University and the University of Southern California surveryed 549 successful company founders. These entrepreneurs listed their ability to learn from previous failures an important factor in their success. Catastrophes happen, disappointments are part of regular activities and the faster entrepreneurs can accept it and move past it, the better they will be at learning from their mistakes. Reaching overnight success is rare. Many people aim for instant success because they hear about it in the media and they believe that all it takes is money and the desire to put up a business. What they often fail to realize is that other’s success came from failures and lessons learned 10 years before. Entrepreneurs know how to pause along the way and take steps to make a strategy. The successful ones have done their due diligence. They’ve worked hard and learned valuable lessons from failures that helped them on their way to the top. Entrepreneurs are resilient. They keep going when the outlook is bleak.  They sail a ship through the ups and downs of a business storm. They have a vision and they will continue until that vision becomes a reality.

 2. Masters of delegation
Ideas don’t build a business, people do. Entrepreneurs cannot run a successful company alone. It is essential to know how to empower others to join their vision. The entrepreneur has to give up some control and put their efforts in building other people’s skills if they want to build a scalable company. Delegating is a skill in itself. The entrepreneur needs to work on the essentials while passing on tasks that others can complete. Being able to motivate other people towards your vision will bring rewards to the whole organization. Even big-time entrepreneurs like Mark Zuckerberg had to learn effective management. No matter how cool his Facebook innovation was, it wouldn’t have gone anywhere if he did not learnt how to be an effective manager. Getting things done and making things happen is all about setting the right goals, determining the best way to achieve them, and getting everyone to execute it flawlessly. How do entrepreneurs accomplish this? Entrepreneurs are able to sell their vision and motivate others to work towards their goal

. 
3. Invest in people
Entrepreneurs know the value of networking and mentorship. They invest their time and money in people. Building professional networks and surrounding themselves with people of the same mindset will go a long way in helping make their goals a reality. Entrepreneurs acknowledge the importance of seeking mentorship to help guide them along their business journey. Research has demonstrated a stong connection between knowing and being an entrepreneur. In a survey of 2000 Americans by the Kauffman Foundation, 37.8% of respondents who knew an entrepreneur were entrepreneurs themselves. Entrepreneurs also take the time to mentor other people. The time and effort that they spend on developing someone else’s skills will eventually pay off in the long term. Entrepreneurs must leverage employees and other resources in order to build a scalable company. They learn to network effectively and meet the right people.

4. Have a finishing formula 
Entrepreneurs are driven to finish what they start. They have laser focus on the steps required to reach their goals. There are plenty of distractions along the way, but they build a system and formulate plans to complete tasks. Entrepreneurial leaders don’t have someone behind their shoulder telling them what to do next.  They find a system that works for them whether that is a to-do list or an agenda. Entrepreneurs know time is a finite resource so they take the time to prioritize.  Oftentimes, there are multiple tasks that need to be accomplished and not enough time to do it, but the most successful entrepreneurs have mastered the art of juggling. They tend to work on the most important things before they tackle anything else on their long list.  Without the entrepreneur shepherding the business in the right direction, the business will fail.

 5. Learning doesn’t end in school 
Entrepreneurs are ‘jacks of all trades, but masters of none.’ In his book Outliers, Malcolm Gladwell has popularized the idea of 10,000 hours of practice needed to attain mastery in a field. The time an entrepreneur spends running a company makes it hard for them to become an expert in a certain field. Entrepreneurs don’t have to be experts, but they do need a wide range of skills. They have to know a little bit of everything in order to make their vision a reality. It is infinitely easier to get a project off the ground with a well rounded skill set. Entrepreneurs have a well rounded understanding of their industry. They are financially literate, know what’s going on in operations, and know their customers. The list seems endless. With a constant stream of disruptive innovation entering the market, entrepreneurs need to be aware of any industry changes and they have to be ready to pivot their business models when a new product or service renders the old business model obsolete.

 6. Follow their intuition
Entrepreneurs don’t have all the answers. Half of the time, they don’t have the time to figure out all the answers before making a big business decision. An entrepreneur relies on their ‘gut instinct’ in these circumstances. Ninty-eight percent of company founders surveyed by the Kauffman Foundation identified lack of willingness or ability to take risks as a common barrier to entrepreneurial success. Only the entrepreneurs who are able to practice and hone these risk taking instincts will be truly successful. One of the greatest and most famous entrepreneurs of our time, Steve Jobs, said that having a great instinct was one of the reasons for his success and business acumen. Going with that entrepreneurs ‘gut-feeling’ regarding hiring people to help build the business is essential, especially in the early days of the business. A person may look good on paper, but knowing how to tell if that person will live up to the written hype will spell the difference between success and failure. It’s important to note a person’s potential to grow along with the business and that can only be fortold with a strong intuition. Decisions will have to be made without complete data. Sometimes, entrepreneurs find themselves in new territory or off the beaten path where there is very little research to help back up their decisions. This is where that gut instinct becomes truly important. ... read more on yourstory.com

Journaling for Professional Development

Developing Yourself Through Reflection

All of this – and more – is possible when you keep a journal.Would you like to become a better communicator, develop self-awareness, build self-confidence, and learn quickly from mistakes, all with one simple, daily habit?

In this article, we'll explore what journaling can do for you, and we'll look at how you can fit this valuable habit into your schedule.

Why Journal?

You journal when you make a record of your thoughts, feelings, and experiences on a regular basis. Most people who journal write their experiences down, either on paper, or electronically; however some use other formats – for example, by keeping video or audio journals.

If you don't do it already, journaling might sound like a waste of effort; after all, it's just another thing that you need to fit into an already-busy schedule. However, you needn't spend long keeping your journal, and it helps you grow, professionally and personally.

One of the biggest benefits of journaling is that it gives you the opportunity to reflect on your experiences and learning Journaling helps you:

• Identify mistakes you've made, and reflect on how to avoid them in the future.
• Review learning, keeping information fresh in your mind.
• Develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
• Become more  emotionally mature.

Another advantage is that journaling helps you develove skills because you learn how to express your thoughts and feelings clearly, and you get to practice your writing skills more often.

Journaling also helps you deal with negative events more effectively. One key showed that people who used a journal to describe and analyze their emotions after a stressful event felt more positive about it in the long term.

Last, journaling helps you keep track of the progress you make towards your goal It's motivating and fulfilling to reflect on what you've achieved.

Examples

You can journal in many ways. Consider these examples:

• Lochland writes in his journal after attending training classes, to reflect on what he has learned in each session. He cements new concepts in his mind by writing about how he will use them with his team.
• Marissa writes in her journal each evening after work. She takes time to reflect on what she did well, and she thinks carefully about what she could have done better, especially when it comes to interactions with her team. The self-awareness she has developed through journaling has helped her to become more empathic with her team members. She has also become a much better listener.
• Edward has felt unfulfilled in his work for several years. A few months ago, he began writing a journal every morning to see if he could find new goaln his work. Edward can now reflect on the previous day and recognize how he made a difference for his customers and colleagues. Daily journaling has rekindled his motivation and enthusiasm.

How to Keep a Journal

Use the techniques below to start journaling.

Decide on a Format

You have several options when it comes to the format of your journal.

First, you can keep a paper journal. Many people find that the physical act of "putting pen to paper" encourages reflection. It's slow and measured, and it can be a valuable way to start or end your day.

Another option is to keep an electronic journal. This could be as simple as using a document on your computer, or making entries Or, you could use journaling apps likelife zone.

You could also consider writing a blog to record your experiences. However, keep in mind that, once published, anyone has access to your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Avoid saying anything negative or damaging about your colleagues, clients, or organization. Or, set up your blog so that only you can access it.

Make it a Habit

Writing in your journal is a best habit But, like any habit, it takes time and  make it stick.

To get the most out of your journaling experience, aim to write at the same time every workday, ideally when you won't be interrupted. Some people enjoy journaling first thing in the morning or right before bed. You could also write in your journal during lunch, or in an afternoon break.

Pace Yourself

Remember, your daily journal entry doesn't have to be a novel!

Go slowly at first – write for five or 10 minutes, and then stop when you've had enough. Over time, you might find that you want to write for longer.

Also, don't amend what you write down – just let the words flow.

Reflect on Your Experiences

Effective journaling combines a clear narrative about recent events with deep thinking about what you have learned, and what behaviors, if any, you can change or improve.

To help you write your journal, think about the following questions:

• What has happened since you last journaled?
• What have you learned since your last entry? What mistakes have you made?
• What difficult or painful events have occurred?
• If you could repeat a recent event, what would you do differently, and why?

When you write, think carefully about the most important thing that's happened to you since you last wrote in your journal. Keep in mind that this event can be subtle.

For example, you might have pulled off a great presentation, but this isn't necessarily your most important event. It may be more important to note that you were upset with your assistant before the presentation, and that you said something that damaged his trust in you. This is the event you need to write about in detail, exploring why you were upset and why you were cross. Only then can you learn from the experience.

As well as this, it's important to write down any small that you've achieved. When you don't make a point of thinking about these, they might slip out of your memory. But it's important to reflect on them, so that you can boost your motivation and self-confidence.

Be Honest

Try not to "sugarcoat" your day as you write – be honest about what you thought, how you acted, or how a person or event made you feel.

You'll only learn from your experiences if you're honest about them.

Focus on Positives and Negatives

No matter how lousy your day was, try to reflect on at least one positive thing that happened. (It's great if you can think of three or five – this will help you become more optimistic.) What led to this positive event, and what did you learn?

If you can't identify a positive thing that happened, simply "count your blessings" by thinking about things that you're grateful for, such as your health, your skills, or your family. It's easy to take these things for granted, if you're having a bad time.

Keep Your Goals in Focus

Think about your long-term goal as you complete your journal entry.

What progress have you made since you last wrote in your journal, and what can you do next to make progress on your important goals?

You keep a journal when you record your thoughts, feelings, and experiences on a regular basis. It offers many benefits for your personal and professional growth.

To begin journaling, decide on a format, and find time in your day to write, so that you can make it a habit.

When you write in your journal, think critically about events that you've experienced, and write down what you've learned.

Also, be honest about your thoughts and feelings, try to identify at least one positive thing that happened in your day, and reflect on your goals.